6600 years of earthquake record in the Julian Alps (Lake Bohinj,Slovenia)     

《Sedimentology》2018,65(5):1777-1799

Sequences of lake sediments often form long and continuous records that may be sensitive recorders of seismic shaking. A multi‐proxy analysis of Lake Bohinj sediments associated with a well‐constrained chronology was conducted to reconstruct Holocene seismic activity in the Julian Alps (Slovenia). A seismic reflection survey and sedimentological analyses identified 29 homogenite‐type deposits related to mass‐wasting deposits. The most recent homogenites can be linked to historical regional earthquakes (i.e. 1348 ad , 1511 ad and 1690 ad ) with strong epicentral intensity [greater than ‘damaging’ (VIII ) on the Medvedev–Sponheuer–Karnik scale]. The correlation between the historical earthquake data set and the homogenites identified in a core isolated from local stream inputs, allows interpretation of all similar deposits as earthquake related. This work extends the earthquake chronicle of the last 6600 years in this area with a total of 29 events recorded. The early Holocene sedimentary record is disturbed by a seismic event (6617 ± 94 cal yr bp ) that reworked previously deposited sediment and led to a thick sediment deposit identified in the seismic survey. The period between 3500 cal yr bp and 2000 cal yr bp is characterized by a major destabilization in the watershed by human activities that led to increases in erosion and sedimentation rates. This change increased the lake's sensitivity to recording an earthquake (earthquake‐sensitivity threshold index) with the occurrence of 72 turbidite‐type deposits over this period. The high turbidite frequency identified could be the consequence of this change in lake earthquake sensitivity and thus these turbidites could be triggered by earthquake shaking, as other origins are discarded. This study illustrates why it is not acceptable to propose a return period for seismic activity recorded in lake sediment if the sedimentation rate varies significantly.  相似文献   

高阶非线性系统自适应模糊有限时间状态约束控制     

范彦丽  李永明  佟绍成 《南京气象学院学报》2021,13(1):79-86

针对一类具有状态约束的非严格反馈高阶非线性系统,研究一种自适应模糊有限时间跟踪控制问题.首先,利用模糊逻辑系统逼近不确定性非线性函数,在此基础上,采用障碍Lyapunov函数,解决状态约束问题,通过障碍加幂积分方法和反步递推技术,提出了一种有限时间控制设计方法.在有限时间Lyapunov稳定意义下,严格证明闭环系统半全局实际有限时间稳定且系统的状态不超出给定的约束边界,并实现了有限时间跟踪控制目标.最后,仿真研究进一步验证了所提出控制方法的有效性.  相似文献   

随机Petri网在地震应急协同能力定量评价与动态分析中的应用          下载免费PDF全文

樊海刚  郭红梅  张莹  赵真 《中国地震》2022,38(2):248-259

地震应急是一个复杂动态的过程,需要各部门协同配合方能高效开展应急工作。本文通过调研分析历史地震应急处置案例,提出了Ⅰ、Ⅱ级应急响应下多主体地震应急协同的一般流程,构建了相应的随机Petri网模型,并基于Petri网可能出现的状态集同构马尔科夫链,在计算各应急状态稳定概率的基础上,定量评价应急协同能力。同时,将应急过程中利用率高的变迁所对应的应急行为,作为应急处置的关键环节。通过调整各关键环节的应急速率,进一步对应急协同能力进行动态分析,进而提出有效提高应急协同联动能力的相关建议,为科学开展地震应急处置工作提供支持。  相似文献   

基于实地调研的中国西南地区不同震级人员死亡数量研究          下载免费PDF全文

范熙伟  聂高众  邓砚  夏朝旭  李华玥 《中国地震》2022,38(3):537-549

地震是造成人员死亡最严重的自然灾害之一,震后对人员死亡等灾情的快速评估是地震应急响应和救援的关键。总结经验发现,在地震前进行预评估工作是提高震后灾情快速评估精度和时效性的有效手段。通过对62次发生在我国西南地区的历史震例分析后发现,当地震震级小于4.5级时,基本不会造成人员死亡情况。本研究利用我国云南和四川部分区县的实地调研数据,发现地震人员死亡数与震级存在指数函数关系,由此构建了针对各个区县的地震人员死亡人数指数函数估算模型,并计算了回归系数。基于该模型,获得了5.0～8.0级地震人员死亡数查找表(以0.5级为间隔),用于辅助震后快速评估工作。  相似文献   

2022年9月5日四川泸定MS6.8地震舆情分析          下载免费PDF全文

薛杭  赵烽帆  荣华 《中国地震》2022,38(3):425-431

2022年9月5日12时52分,四川省甘孜州泸定县发生 M_S6.8地震,造成重大人员伤亡,引起社会公众的广泛关注。突发事件的信息发布和舆情引导越来越受到党和政府的高度重视,相关信息公开效率的影响甚至决定了事件处置的舆情发展。本研究以中国地震台网中心为舆情引导主体,对四川泸定 M_S6.8地震舆情进行分析研究,总结舆情引导经验,探讨突发地震舆情引导对地震部门有效开展震后应急的促进作用,以期为今后的防震减灾新闻宣传工作带来启示和思考。  相似文献   

基于开源GIS的地震灾情速报信息收集与处置研究     

王斐斐  韩贞辉  樊华  宋鹏展 《震灾防御技术》2022,17(1):188-196

针对河南省灾情获取效率低的现实问题,设计基于QGIS的微信小程序,实现灾情速报员属性数据空间化,并自动分配拨打电话任务,灾情调查人员及时将通过拨打电话获取的灾情信息快速上报,实时动态展布,并快速统计灾情速报信息,生成地震有感范围图和地震灾情信息汇总报告,为地震抗震救灾指挥部决策提供支持,满足河南及邻区小震、弱震较多地区地震应急、应急演练工作需求,也为其他应急系统建设提供参考。  相似文献   

Rapid report of the 8 January 2022 ​MS 6.9 Menyuan earthquake,Qinghai, China     

Hongfeng Yang  Dun Wang  Rumeng Guo  Mengyu Xie  Yang Zang  Yue Wang  Qiang Yao  Chuang Cheng  Yanru An  Yingying Zhang 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(1):100113

The M_S 6.9 Menyuan earthquake in Qinghai Province, west China is the largest earthquake by far in 2022. The earthquake occurs in a tectonically active region, with a background b-value of 0.87 within 100 ?km of the epicenter that we derived from the unified catalog produced by China Earthquake Networks Center since late 2008. Field surveys have revealed surface ruptures extending 22 ?km along strike, with a maximum ground displacement of 2.1 ?m. We construct a finite fault model with constraints from InSAR observations, which showed multiple fault segments during the Menyuan earthquake. The major slip asperity is confined within 10 ?km at depth, with the maximum slip of 3.5 ?m. Near real-time back-projection results of coseismic radiation indicate a northwest propagating rupture that lasted for ～10 ?s. Intensity estimates from the back-projection results show up to a Mercalli scale of IX near the ruptured area, consistent with instrumental measurements and the observations from the field surveys. Aftershock locations (up to January 21, 2022) exhibit two segments, extending to ～20 ?km in depth. The largest one reaches M_S 5.3, locating near the eastern end of the aftershock zone. Although the location and the approximate magnitude of the mainshock had been indicated by previous studies based on paleoearthquake records and seismic gap, as well as estimated stressing rate on faults, significant surface-breaching rupture leads to severe damage of the high-speed railway system, which poses a challenge in accurately assessing earthquake hazards and risks, and thus demands further investigations of the rupture behaviors for crustal earthquakes.  相似文献   

Temporal evolution of the focal mechanism consistency of the 2021 Yangbi MS 6.4 earthquake sequence in Yunnan     

Xiaobin Li  Mingpei Jin  Ya Huang  Wenjian Cha  Jun Wang  Sihai Li 《地震研究进展（英文）》2022,2(2):100061

Using the Cut And Paste (CAP) method, we invert the focal mechanism of 38 moderate earthquakes (M_S ≥ 3.0) recorded by Yunnan seismic network and analyze the corresponding focal mechanism consistency based on the minimum spatial rotation angle. Our results indicate that the M_S 6.4 mainshock is induced by a lateral strike slip fault (with a rake angle of ～ ?165°) and a little normal-faulting component event along a nearly vertical plane (dipping angle～ 79° and strike ～138°). Combining our results with high resolution catalog, we argue that the seismogenic fault of this earthquake sequence is a secondary fault western to the major Weixi-Qiaohou-Weishan fault. The focal mechanism evolution can be divided into three periods. During the first period, the foreshock sequence, the focal mechanism consistency is the highest (KA<36°); during the second period which is shortly after the mainshock, the focal mechanism shows strong variation with KA ranging from 8° to 110°; during the third period, the seismicity becomes weak and the focal mechanism of the earthquakes becomes more consistent than the second period (18°<KA<73°). We suggest that the KA, to some extent, represents the coherence between local tectonic stress regime and the stress state of each individual earthquake. Furthermore, high focal mechanism consistency and high linearity of seismic distribution may serve as indicators for the identification of foreshock sequence.  相似文献   

基于气枪震源信号的云南漾濞M_S6.4地震前后波速变化     

苏金波  杨微  李孝宾  王伟涛  杨军  陈颐 《地球物理学报》2022,65(2):649-662

本文基于宾川气枪地震信号发射台激发的地震波信号,利用线性叠加和时频域相位加权叠加方法提高信噪比,通过反褶积、插值拟合和波形互相关等方法,获得2021年漾濞M;6.4地震前后气枪震源初至波信号走时变化特征.结果表明两种叠加方法得到的走时变化趋势基本一致,在沿发震断裂带附近的3个台站观测到的初至波走时延迟为7.3~14.4 ms,在射线路径上平均波速降低了0.08%~0.12%,距离震中位置较远的台站走时延迟为2~6 ms.分析认为,观测到的走时变化主要是漾濞M;6.4地震引起强地面运动造成浅层介质疏松、同震破裂导致震源区地下介质裂隙增加和地下流体侵入等共同作用造成,相关研究成果有助于加深和促进对此次地震震源物理过程的认识和了解.  相似文献   

PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液在桂柳地1井的应用          下载免费PDF全文

苏力才  蒙学礼  李永卫  王嘉瑶  李明星  付帆 《探矿工程》2022,49(5):57-63

桂柳地1井为广西柳州市鱼峰区雒容镇区块页岩气地质调查井,设计井深2350 m,钻遇水敏性地层等复杂地层。为了提高无固相冲洗液在页岩气复杂地层深孔钻进中维持孔壁稳定的能力,在PVA1788体系无固相冲洗液的基础上,添加成膜A剂、封堵剂GFD-1等处理剂。根据冲洗液试验及现场应用,成膜A剂具有降失水功能,不影响冲洗液的润滑性能,对粘度影响不明显,该PVA1788成膜体系无固相冲洗液滤失量较低,封堵裂隙效果好,减弱了地层水化膨胀,提高了成膜抑制防塌能力,满足了桂柳地1井深孔复杂地层维护孔壁稳定、安全钻进的需要。对类似复杂地层无固相冲洗液的推广应用具有参考价值。  相似文献